modern university is the cradle of the nation's future today.

it not only preserves and transmits knowledge and values, it serves more and more as a center of research and innovation. it has been called the chief energizing and creative force in our entire social system for. the modern university is the cradle of the nation's future. this research let us not under estimate the task we face. meanwhile, the explosive growth of this bill increases the demands upon the underdeveloped peoples. look to us for training and guidance and our own governments, the local government, state governments, national governments look increasingly to the universal values for expert counsel and for scholars whom they can

borrow just to boast of her responsibility. however much her personality and his god striking may have exacerbated the situation. the situation would have been there no matter who was president. so the others you came out with this thing that he's going to recommend that every month or every week of each diems set aside some time to talk to students who've done a point which makes the liberal assumption that what we have here is a failure of communication. but that isn't so because it's an analysis of an entire system of the function of a corporate entity that is in question. the students understand very, very what the ruling class of columbia does, what it is, the fact that the university now has become, to use an old term, a means of production, whereby one

guy does a little bit for ibm, another little bit with the air when the troops that are working here, trained here at this university, is now a means of production, producing the mechanisms of human oppression that's been bought by the military. 50% of the research done here at the university depends on the sent money. and we can see when we look at the new buildings that are going up, but it's an engineering building, a business school, a law school, a school of international. we can tell how much this university helped into servicing the corporations and into servicing the war machine. william burden is a director for lockheed aircraft, where moore is the counsel for general dynamics f-111 company and a partner in his law firm was the youngest secretary of defense. kirk himself is a trustee of the institute for defense analysis. he is president of morningside inc., the organization which is

concerned with institutional expansion on morningside heights. also, if you if you wonder how was that columbia acquired the land for the gymnasium of 400 year lease renewable every five years after the first 100 years had an incredibly low sum of money. all you have to do is look at who the trustees are. first, the earth as chairman of the board of the earth corporation. the corporation has done 17% of all the building in new york city since the war benjamin button was one of the trustees is on that building corporation. courtney c brown, who is also in the building corporation, is one of the directors of the board of cbs, william paley, a trustee is of the board of the columbia broadcasting. arthur sulzberger is chairman of the board of. the new york times for two successive sessions, the state legislature, columbia is ruling

elite major parties to albany, new york to convince legislators that this was indeed a wonderful thing for the morningside heights community, that columbia should build its gym. there. well, i don't think a gym nine storeys high with facilities for black in the basement with a back door is something that black people want. there has never been any dispute to the position of this community on the placing of a gymnasium by a providence stitution in a public park. i don't trust anybody. administrative network of columbia university because they have lied they have contradicted themselves. and kirk wrote us a letter saying we have stoppages and. the next day the board of trustees we have stopped the gym

temporarily. this house went up our founding is kind of gone down. our balance as a high school has not come down. why do you like it or not? on april 23rd at the actual demonstration in which we plan to demonstrate inside the library to protest columbia's complicity with the institute for defense analysis it's racism in building the gym in. morningside park and its attempted suppression of the left by displaying six students, about 500 people join joined us at the sundial. we were opposed by about 200 jocks. we found that not only with the jocks there blocking our way, but we found when we got to the library that library was run by the administration. i was the thought that would stop this, but it didn't win at the bottom we posted it to the gym site where. the peace club and reinforcements.

were on the club. we were weak down in the park. cops were coming pretty quickly and the numbers were building up and my brother got up and down the steps to leave because we had 300 people back. the sun. we would go back and meet them. thinking how often was and coleman was just the perfect thing after that because it was so perfect, because i know at

this point you really were moving faster than we knew how tremendous snowball and were almost the spider itself was something we really wanted to do on the other hand, was the thing that we weren't sure ready to do, which was our responsibility to. what are your views towards? what we haven't we haven't completed our legal means working as a political, political pressure from congressmen in the community, working our speeches. and that for demonstrations work that you're assuming that if you go through whatever channels you're going, you're going to come out. right. but we're hoping some of these things have gone on for a week before we're out of time to work for our way around, for the future. at that point, we took dean coleman thinking he was our trump card, but we really we didn't know that our real strength was in holding the buildings and staying there. the real thing about the black white split was that two groups realized that we had two different political identities. the blacks wanted to stop the gym. they figured the best way to do

this was to hold the building barricades. the whites, on the other hand, saw and still see that our goal is to radicalize other white people. we didn't want to confront other students coming to class. we thought that we should confront our enemies administration, but we didn't realize were that we were much too timid. and what we really had to do was to show our moral strength and hold the building blocks so that we were spread amongst ourselves, that we weren't disciplined, and that we really didn't understand what the correct militant tactic was. so they asked to live with more, came up with their building blocks that when we left we took low library give the administration. more look it's been two days we've taken five buildings hamilton low avery and now we've got the administration figured right. they're up to calling the cops. and when they do we want to be

here. we barricaded up the basement. the police town council. so what? the brothers, david, some one of those knocked the police back, that kind of thing, you know, and flooded the whole basement. now, that was one of the best tactics. lewis was very angry about that. but then i stood inside the building and they would return that they didn't even try to control the cameras, the basement of the building they were trying to take the building by surprise, quietly, that kind of thing. you know, impede the movement. that way you know, try to defeat it before it spread to the black. because i'm sure they weren't that worried about. handful of black students at columbia university when those kind of tactics and that kind of militant you get from the university and and brothers in the community say those big brothers appear. we got it made a revolt in suits against the system. that's what they were trying to do but they couldn't get through the. they were mothers who didn't

have any sons columbia who didn't want to see that party who didn't want idea to be running down experiments at the school against their children and against their families. everything from the far right setting call up to the liberal right as charles can go to the far left, such as captain paul and of black these black high school kids and not rap brown and right on the nose one hundreds of tps all week at the time as we walked up and down avenue to columbia we're talking about burn the -- place down. and, you know, we came it was baseball bat and hockey sticks. and we got to columbia. we broke through the police lab. well go run in is they want to go they scared. don't with a statement that was released by the students on inside i'll read the state number one topic of the

construction of the gym they do got it dropping of the charges all persons involved you demonstrate against the gym. number three breaking of our property any kind of credit tied with idea eight listed all the students involved with the university have construction of the gym and granted an amnesty. we will consider the questions of negotiation with the university. we are prepared bad faith definitely until these the black students columbia university joined by a few members of the black community have in hamilton hall. let's get to sit down for that now we have established the cafeteria with adequate force often continuously a physician is in charge of our information morale is high.

over 201 into the library. only 23 stayed when the first cops here came. but as the days were on, we realized that our strength was in our militancy, in staying in this building. it took the example of the black to move on the first, and then we got to the crux. officers head his files side. it's a bunch of -- growing magazines. you've got. a bunch of papers like from the epa a whole bunch of -- but put in that acids and a lot of that about cleaning up the area by moving out the blacks and puerto rican first day in mass we set up a defense committee which took care of putting up the barricades. we decided what our policy be toward police, to a jocks. we stopped some of the stairs, we tape the windows. we emptied bookcases and put them up in front of the windows in case tear canisters did get through the tape. and it hung up a lot of people when they were a little your mind. one of the marble top desks or

something at second time is a barricade. hussein got disappeared and we decided the barricades were necessary politically and strategically, and anything went in making. and this time they barricade. the fence is all taken care of. security is a problem. letting people in and out of the buildings watches. we need people to watch the windows every night we had a walkie talkie set up citizens band, walkie talkies. plus there were telephones, communications to every building which the university tapped. we had mimeograph that work constantly. i know people who did nothing during the strike, but relate to the mimeograph machine. and there was a sign on the wall, quote from somebody in berkeley which says, five students and a mimeograph machine can do more harm to a university than an army. every building had their own communications room that had to deal with a four or five modes of communication that we were we were using.

one of the things that what happened was that each new of people who came in the building, each new day's recruitment to the building, would become political, would understand the life of the commune, would understand was going on by the meeting, the staple of the new life was the meeting that we'd meet for approximately 8 hours a day. a lot of it was political education. a lot of it was just --. a lot of it was worrying about what we do when police came. in name representing the student body. but in fact it's a joint committee of various people from the campus and we're now trying to come out of a faculty state like the effects that no amnesty will be granted to students under any circumstances. the question of amnesty is

really important because it's a political question. our legitimacy to protest has to be recognized before. we can negotiate. there seems to be lot more dignity amongst the students now because. they they feel that they have a right to say the things they're saying. that's i think maybe the amnesty issue has been raised and we raise so many times here and we've had to reassure ourselves by issuing votes of confidence for it every 30 minutes, because people are not whether they're supposed to be guilty for what they're involved in and the whole issue of demanding amnesty first is to show that we have. right. and until we get those rights, we have to act a coercive way. the hang ups that are usually present in any kind of collective enterprise were absolutely not that. oh yeah, school. i complained about my one roommate in the dormitory, but then i guess to likely to get 100 people in every room and basically say you sleeping with two people and the idea of

fantasy, the idea of sleeping sort of became so we never really got too much sleep because we were always having meetings things people were always yelling like after, but we didn't really care much respect the floor every time we started and with the life of the commune was was a group of people who were incredibly close each other and no other level than the level of struggle. but strikers were getting community support like it and money that they were also some opposition from the faculty and from right wing students to just mess well. they had a lot of time every now and then they would they would try and keep the food out. they tried to keep a record player out, radios, everything they were acting as stooges for the administration. these people as instructions were said here, i've got that. i've got to say anything. it's always possession. or comment.

but at the moment. oh. 000. get out of the. food. there's nothing else to say but. spoon. throw it up. if they have these -- are beneath they have of course they have. they got plenty of they don't have any they don't have any left. they call the shots of their own, say anything they don't have to believe. that oh, oh, hey, you're getting blood. but are they worried that they're getting it? you don't need to have a riot. they're going to mess up if you get that food and all that food and tore it up, that. had to pass out.

pass it up, up. don't. stop it. it goes through. now the position of the professors was one of being the police that they had to take sides either. they were for taking food in or not for taking food. and they were on the side of the guard or on our side. and they never understood that the faculty wanted to mediate between us and the administration because they never understood the nature of their demands or their struggle. kirk understood what was going on, much better of the faculty than the faculty was in its own way. just as naive as the law and order, politicians were, because the only alternative could see to the maintenance of the present system was they couldn't see beyond the occupation of the buildings to the creation of something that might be better for. and everybody was like, and at least an entire week of living

at full capacity, there a total collective feeling. no one particularly cared about these individual feelings because you never even experienced everything was experience in the most collective sense that i had ever renewed. if you talk to anyone outside immediately realized that there was something there that they had never seen before, that this was one of the new experiences for most of the people at the strike. this sort of electric awakening. after the communal food was given to us, we could find it mostly what was most important to her. she had everything she had around here as a coach, a sandwich, and besides all of us are really concerned that didn't want to eat something all by ourselves. somebody decided, we're hungry and. intend hard to put on people or living here.

they are living here between meetings and it's a hard because the whole i've never been so comfortable on this canvas. people want to.

as a spirit and fairweather was so nice and i we decided we would be entirely appropriate to be married. it was thought that there were there was not only holy ground, there was our home but. we had to be married at home

with our family. yeah. i. andrea, take me richard. i am there to see richard. i refuse to go i richard, take the the i now bring out that andrea and richard are children of new age.

know. that. that was not what we're. about. the university. that new york city department didn't connection with your activities. we have been informed that the police department will take all the necessary action in connection with complaint against you. this order to remove forthwith

is separate and apart from any question of amnesty. you will subject to proper disciplinary by the university in any those who leave the building pursuant to this order will have less to answer for than those who do not. wear. i. will apply to my. assignments and they managed to kind of push them all together and they were all sitting on the floor and they pushed them all together and got them to. they could hardly move. they would look. they had something in their hand i was just say these things but i don't know when they rush i just think that's what i was like, okay, get back what we

were going to go and then look back on the door down to the door at about three four. but these were animals. were animals uniforms. they said they had to be behind you. they think they trust you. will not only staircase, there was a solid line of police people in front of me were dragged down as they were dragged down. each individual cop standing on this line put his legs and and they were laughing. i'll never forget it. they seemed to have been orders given to this so often during the demonstration. i drop my glasses that i was running. i asked a cop officer, could i please go back? and he walked me to the parking space with i the clothing ahead. i was testing the nerve i found a student who was dazed, leading profusely from the forehead.

the police refused to let me pass. i this man is wounded. he needs help. they said, get out. police formed a few lines, but you had to run through being pummeled all the time. he he was very fortunate in that he wasn't kicked in the groin as most of the demonstrators were. instead he was he just had his legs kicked and his back punched. however, at the end of the line, he was hit with a blackjack, at which point he was unconscious. the next thing that he remembers was that he was on the first aid station. where lives are. at. oh, so so that. we have nothing against the cops. we have against car. we realize the problem. but you know, i got the report. we have a specific faculty said with us just sort of and the

strikers stood there we were i met with your girlfriend. we worked somebody. so i watched her burn. we will get married. we will get home saturday without sweat. no, thank you. i will this insanity caused an uproar like happened. i want to be arrested. oh, my. friends have already away now they're moving. another one. 0505. whatever. right. and i'm not going to let my hope i like, no matter what. they got over 700 at the sunshine criminal trespass resisting arrest, all kinds of other --, some of which was real and some of which was complete sex. i know of nurses and doctors that pleaded with the police not

to not to proceed to please that these men alone. and they would say no, get away. this is our job. i was arrested, but would not allow me to feel back while broken ribs. my face covered with a pretzel under the house and bleeding and i wasn't allowed to practice that. i got out of court, which was definitely. loaded because i was a worried fellowship the next year. what the hell? i'm sorry. what does it mean? i, i, i, i'm going to write this. i hope i don't. i don't feel any. obviously, any student can attend the school. and i was miserable. but the whole thing for this bus driver radicalized everybody in me very personally who i was. i was a nonviolent student. i was completely passive. i didn't care what happened. i was completely i'm not neutral anymore. is my bruins tomorrow according to six written affidavits compiled by a professor of

mathematics serge lange, much looting and destruction occurred inside mathematics between a m and 2 p.m. during these hours, the only people permitted inside the building were policemen, members of the press and a very small group of building staff. when i got out of jail and got back to math, i looked around for my camera and my light meter that i left behind. i found was a lot of exposed film broken lenses with the -- out of it for the cops. it's it's interesting to note that arthur sulzberger, one of the trustees, just happens to be the chair of the board of the new york times. and one wonders why certain things were distorted in the times coverage, the strike, other things that appeared in the evening edition changed in the morning edition. and i think the answer is clear enough to those occasions. i mean, take a look. what is this, a -- police state? once and they got copies all over the campus that comes alive against the clock. you got to go to court to get in. what is this rare double, double

obligation, please double down vacation days. i i plenty of our devil's advocate. okay. and final study got ahead. one drop, but yet i had read i don't get to study yet. i had jobs got ahead that i had got i had my best. police up up forward. i provided oh oh oh but uh, my problem is like, okay, no.

have time. oh, oh, oh heard. oh, oh, oh, yeah. so why why, why, why. now? right. wow. so i. we now divide. we no longer have a say in decisions that affect our life

lives. we caught us. stern's faculty staff and workers of the university to support our. we ask that all that faculty not be or have classes inside buildings. we have taken the power away from it irresponsible and illegitimate administration. we have taken away from a for a self-perpetuating businessmen who call themselves trustees of this university. they're demanding it add to the construction of the gymnasium the gymnasium big build against the will of the people. the community hall a decision that was made unilaterally by powers of the university without of people whose lives in effect we are no longer asking, but

demanding an end to all affiliation and ties with the institute for the of assets at the first department that a university to studies of till and over till now has resulted in this order and maybe a thousand of it to be an american we are no longer we are demanding that students and faculty have a say in the policies of the university so far as being governed by men who do not understand the problems of the day, it has become increasing. likelihood that they don't even about this problem. they simply agree is very bad to this cause. i think to show up in the west today, what they are able to do, we given they their raised it to create a world order which in

every one of our contacts they send absolutely on the power of the police. or maintain that they have other power. when you have all this good, when you have understood the uniform and the back on the court of football and the building classes, nippon and the promise from then you have all there still is absolutely. but so rather be oh right i will present it's already in our world in the nation many volatility free only now one day be on the that thought about in the law and in oakland and in rome and paris and in ldon which is about to say you should.

ahead reason why. we will see. yes you. can.

also. claim i'm joined i shall feel i came called trustee see how it died and checkerboard decisions been made in this university

that liberation class and see how the universe should be run. it's going to be right and will continue to be run without the law and and the party administration already have ahead of us today. the process of the enforcement established the place open democratic and closed between faculty and students that put out to the all this so that structure of columbia university classes are being held on lord octopus far as first half of the form at the start. okay outside of purpose students were saying three major things. first, they were saying that they refuse to be produced any longer to be sent out into society as some kind of a class. second, they were saying to, the

faculty, that they could no longer accept the paternalistic role of teachers. traditionally play in the university. learning takes place in dialog and between equal men, they said in effect, we will no longer let you play some kind of big daddy to us. third, they were that the demands and actions had to be taken seriously could not be dismissed with some kind of -- platitudes about youth and idealism because they were involved in political action. the highest level of human seriousness. i would say there is a new liberated area and this neighborhood that we're going to prepare to take. in the obviously there are 40 to 50 representative of community groups of political clubs, of organizations involved in the morningside renewal council, organized. actions that will fight to call me as expressions of this for years.

this is not a state of occupancy. students right now are the vanguard. but if the masses of the people area in new york, around columbia is finally going to stop columbia soon, sometimes it seems to be a kind of contradiction between support, action and find your own particular kind of oppression, which is what we were talking about. but instead we tend to see during the strike is that when you want to oppose institution. of that sort, if you do that all right. but on all fronts with those that columbia has close ties straight rather no far apart one there's over 100 of our buildings. and for the removal of over 8000 people from their home, why the community action committee for white of the 8000 tenants of small town sro and all small settlements on columbia systematically displaced only as

faculty the largest token number minority group families now reside in morningside heights. we that the liberal creation of a white ghetto was. right for us, and they know going on over the last 50 it ought to be around. i right i am on record. right now wish to be arrested right away if you're free leave. i don't want to be around. the lobby or i don't want to do i have a lot of people right down here. it was writing a world to dramatize. you don't want to be a group by driving away from it. we want to be with america. we want to have a decent life. and what it wanted to the solidarity of people with six strike leaders, would they try

to suspend? they decided to take hamilton once again. you know. by now i. there are hereby directed that we're out of the building and further instructions. the building is not cleared out. next time. right. but not as an alternative to the ruling. now they you want it at all. after three votes, a majority decided to say, right, right, right, right, right, right, right, right. that we are not going have that. we have trying to do what the police and the press now really have been.

we. a lot of the most militant people had left hamilton because they didn't want to get us to the second time. but those the people but the cause is definitely throughout the outside building barricades. decided to come out the moving line of the texas as the crowd crowd surrounded that police police. why. i think why but you know i have. tried. i.

tried i tried. right. right, right, right. i right, right, right, right, right, right, right, right, right, right, right, right, right. i. didn't realize that i had to do. i think just enough to build a barricade was the consequences down they engaged in combat was a little elastic in their charged them with bricks. lot you know so so.

to. start over again. take one second the all right we are witnessing river to me again with reverberation. the modern university is the cradle of the nation's future. it has been called the chief energizing and creative force in our entire social system.

here we are, the columbia anniversary morningside heights, amsterdam avenue 116th street. the first time in the history of columbia university. there will be two graduations in morningside heights, the one we're looking at now is the official ceremony acknowledged by the trustees and attended the faculty administration at a given signal for the students. almost the entire graduating

class expected to leave the ceremony in protest over its legitimacy and to hold their own graduation as a repudiation of the trustees they expect to be joined by a few members of the faculty. well known for. that. one thing we do know we do. i know. i know that all.

didn't make it. david me and. amy. on. this.

will be. on that. all the freedom. right. oh. oh.